沈陽航空航天大學(xué)楊光教授團(tuán)隊(duì)：激光沉積制造中幾何缺陷的形成機(jī)理及控制方法綜述

來源：機(jī)械工程學(xué)報(bào)

引用論文

Lanyun Qin, Kun Wang, Xiaodan Li, Siyu Zhou, Guang Yang.
Review of the Formation Mechanisms and Control Methods of Geometrical Defects in Laser Deposition Manufacturing.
Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering: Additive Manufacturing Frontiers, 2022, 1(4).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjmeam.2022.100052.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/sc ... i/S2772665722000368‍
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1、研究現(xiàn)狀

激光沉積制造過程中的幾何缺陷嚴(yán)重影響制件成形精度和可重復(fù)性，制約了該技術(shù)在關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用。國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)常見幾何缺陷的形成機(jī)制、激光沉積制造過程監(jiān)測(cè)及缺陷調(diào)控進(jìn)行了深入研究，常見幾何缺陷可分為表面不平整、熔化塌陷、翹曲變形、分層開裂四類。

2、研究難點(diǎn)或瓶頸

目前，幾何缺陷的形成機(jī)制研究包括熔池失穩(wěn)、復(fù)雜的熱歷史、殘余應(yīng)力、材料/能量波動(dòng)等，可分為系統(tǒng)性因素和隨機(jī)性因素。幾何缺陷的緩解及補(bǔ)償大多為工藝參數(shù)調(diào)控、預(yù)熱緩冷、基于仿真或形貌監(jiān)測(cè)的預(yù)變形及補(bǔ)償，結(jié)合形成機(jī)制——過程監(jiān)測(cè)——缺陷調(diào)控的閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)仍未形成完整體系。

圖1

圖2 幾何缺陷形成因素

3、展望（發(fā)展趨勢(shì)）

由于諸多隨機(jī)因素和工藝參數(shù)之間復(fù)雜的相互作用，工藝參數(shù)對(duì)幾何缺陷的影響尚未完全量化，需要進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究并制定新的過程監(jiān)測(cè)和緩解戰(zhàn)略。首先，進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大全尺寸制件的過程監(jiān)測(cè)和變形預(yù)測(cè)，適應(yīng)LDM技術(shù)向大尺寸構(gòu)件轉(zhuǎn)變的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。第二，采用多傳感器和多信號(hào)數(shù)據(jù)融合技術(shù)，建立多維特征數(shù)據(jù)庫來預(yù)測(cè)幾何缺陷并形成主動(dòng)反饋控制，有效提高成形精度和加工效率。第三，過程監(jiān)測(cè)與人工智能和數(shù)值模擬相結(jié)合，通過機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)等人工智能技術(shù)準(zhǔn)確地區(qū)分幾何缺陷相關(guān)的信號(hào)信息并建立相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫，采用多物理場(chǎng)和多尺度數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)預(yù)測(cè)成形質(zhì)量和潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。


團(tuán)隊(duì)帶頭人介紹

楊光，工學(xué)博士，教授，博導(dǎo)。沈陽航空航天大學(xué)機(jī)電工程學(xué)院副院長(zhǎng)；遼寧省高性能金屬增材制造工程研究中心主任；沈陽增材制造工程技術(shù)研究中心主任。多年來投身航空航天類高性能金屬增材技術(shù)研究，已獲授權(quán)發(fā)明專利16項(xiàng)、發(fā)表論文80余篇。研究成果已在某3代重型戰(zhàn)機(jī)、4代隱身戰(zhàn)機(jī)、航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)等重點(diǎn)型號(hào)承力結(jié)構(gòu)件制造、運(yùn)維方面規(guī)�；瘧�(yīng)用，解決批產(chǎn)和科研瓶頸難題，取得了顯著的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)效益。

團(tuán)隊(duì)研究方向

（1）增材制造工藝與裝備；

（2）增材制造/修復(fù)、性能考核、評(píng)價(jià)和應(yīng)用；

（3）增材制造缺陷形成機(jī)制及防控。

近年團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)表文章

[1] Yang G, Deng F, Zhou S, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of a novel Cu-reinforced maraging steel for wire arc additive manufacturing[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2021, 825: 141894.

[2] Guang Yang, Yilian Xie, Shuo Zhao, Lanyun Qin, Xiangming Wang, Bin Wu. Quality control: Internal defects formation mechanism of selective laser melting based on laser-powder-melt pool interaction: A review. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering: Additive Manufacturing Frontiers, 2022, 1(3).

[3] Qin Lanyun,Zhao Dongxu,Wang Wei,Yang Guang. Geometric defects identification and deviation compensation in laser deposition manufacturing[J]. Optics and Laser Technology,2022,155.

[4] Zhou Siyu, Wu Ke, Yang Guang, Wu Bin, Qin Lanyun, Wu Hao, Yang Chaoyue. Microstructure and mechanical properties of wire arc additively manufactured 205A high strength aluminum alloy: The comparison of as-deposited and T6 heat-treated samples[J]. Materials Characterization, 2022, 189: 111990.

[5] Deng Fangbin, Yang Guang, Wu Bin, Qin Lanyun, Zheng Jianshen, Zhou Siyu. Microstructure and mechanical properties of hybrid-manufactured maraging steel component using 4% nitrogen shielding gas fabricated by wrought-wire arc additive manufacturing[J]. Coatings, 2022, 12(3): 356.

[6] Zhou Siyu, Zhang Jianfei, Wang Jiayin, Yang Guang, Wu Ke, Qin Lanyun. Effect of Oxygen Levels in Tent Shielding Atmosphere on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2022: 1-10.

[7] Wu Bin,Huang Jianxin,Yang Guang,Ren Yuhang,Zhou Siyu,An Da. Effects of ultrasonic shot peening on fatigue behavior of TA15 titanium alloy fabricated by laser melting deposition[J]. Surface & Coatings Technology,2022,446.