革命性CLIP技術(shù)令3D打印速度提高100倍，獲2.55億元風(fēng)投，上《science》封面

最近大家都在瘋傳一個(gè)3D打印革命性技術(shù)，打印速度可以比現(xiàn)有的所有3D打印機(jī)提高100倍。南極熊3D打印網(wǎng)根據(jù)調(diào)查，現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)人都非�？春�3D打印，但是往往都會問一個(gè)問題：它的打印速度有多快，打印一個(gè)東西需多長時(shí)間？在很多情況下，速度成為3D打印應(yīng)用的最大障礙。

這兩個(gè)10厘米高的大白，耗費(fèi)了大概7個(gè)小時(shí)

前段時(shí)間，3D打印應(yīng)用平臺“熊玩意”上搞感恩送宇宙第一暖男“大白”的活動(dòng)，想不到引起瘋搶，于是熊玩意想增加送大白的數(shù)量，無奈打印速度慢，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能滿足需求�，F(xiàn)在有了CLIP的新工藝，可以大大提升這個(gè)速度，把數(shù)小時(shí)的打印時(shí)間縮短為僅僅幾分鐘。

UNC-Chapel Hill的研究人員在《科學(xué)》(Science)雜志上介紹了這種名為CLIP的新工藝，將其描述為“連續(xù)液態(tài)界面生產(chǎn)”。他們表示，3D打印有兩個(gè)非常令人惱火的不足之處：一是要等待好幾個(gè)小時(shí)才能完成制作，二是打印出來的東西表面很粗糙，而這個(gè)新方法可以大大改進(jìn)這兩個(gè)方面。 CLIP可以在相對很短的時(shí)間里打印出順滑的復(fù)雜物品，而且可以使用更多的材料來打印物品。

現(xiàn)有的3D打印工藝使用液態(tài)樹脂，在一個(gè)緩慢的過程中逐層打制作出物品：先打印一層，固化它，補(bǔ)充樹脂材料，然后再打印一層，周而復(fù)始，直到打印完成。而在CLIP工藝中，一個(gè)投影機(jī)從下方用紫外線顯示連續(xù)的、極薄的物品橫截面。紫外線在一缸液態(tài)樹脂中以橫截面方式硬化液體。與此同時(shí)，一臺升降機(jī)不斷將成形的物體撈出樹脂缸。

CLIP打印機(jī)的關(guān)鍵之處位于樹脂缸的底部：那里有一個(gè)窗口讓氧氣和紫外線通過。因?yàn)檠鯕饪梢宰璧K固化過程，缸底的樹脂連續(xù)形成一個(gè)“死區(qū)”，不會固化。而這個(gè)“死區(qū)”非常之薄，只有幾個(gè)紅細(xì)胞那么厚。因此紫外線可以通過，并固化其上方?jīng)]有接觸氧氣的樹脂。不會有樹脂粘在缸底，而打印速度變得非常快，因?yàn)樗�不是在空氣中，而是在樹脂里打印的（在空氣中打印，由于氧氣存在，固化速度就會減緩）。當(dāng)打印機(jī)撈起成形的物品時(shí)，吸嘴會往缸底添加低氧樹脂。

CLIP不僅大大加快了固化過程，同時(shí)也能打印出更順滑的3D物品。這種工藝不是等待3D物品一層層地固化，而是采取了連續(xù)打印的方式，制作出來的物品可以和注塑零件媲美。 CLIP的發(fā)明者還表示，他們可以生產(chǎn)更精細(xì)的物品——小于20微米（和丙烯酸纖維一樣厚）——而且可以使用彈性材料，以及某些生物材料。目前的大部分3D打印機(jī)都無法使用這些材料。此外，CLIP的打印過程看起來真的很炫酷——發(fā)明者甚至說，他們從電影《終結(jié)者2》中著名的液態(tài)金屬機(jī)器人T-1000那里受到了啟發(fā)。

但最重要的是，這種新工藝大大提升了打印速度。 CLIP的發(fā)明者說，它打印物品的速度是老式3D打印方法的25到100倍。

當(dāng)3D打印速度提高100倍之后，其他3D打印廠商，F(xiàn)DM、SLA的會面臨巨大的沖擊。技術(shù)的革新可能會洗牌3d打印行業(yè)。

熊玩意www.xiongwanyi.com，一個(gè)可能顛覆3d打印應(yīng)用的平臺發(fā)布會http://m.lhkhtyz.com/thread-46773-1-1.html

CLIP正在申請專利，研究人員也正在一家名為Carbon3D的初創(chuàng)公司中研制采用這項(xiàng)工藝的設(shè)備。該公司計(jì)劃在今年年底前生產(chǎn)出CLIP打印機(jī)的商用版。目前我們尚不知道它的價(jià)格和技術(shù)規(guī)格，但我們預(yù)計(jì)，第一批Carbon3D設(shè)備的客戶會是那些亟需高品質(zhì)快速原型制作設(shè)備的創(chuàng)業(yè)公司和研究機(jī)構(gòu)�？偠�言之，Carbon3D的錢景非常看好。

微信二維碼

可惜，這個(gè)技術(shù)很早就被投資了4100萬美元，南極熊不得不佩服風(fēng)投的極為敏銳的嗅覺�，F(xiàn)在南極熊希望和大家一起研究下這個(gè)最新技術(shù)，組建這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的研究和應(yīng)用小組。請聯(lián)系南極熊3d@nanjixiong.com

想聯(lián)系這款技術(shù)的研發(fā)人員，請關(guān)注"南極熊3D"微信公眾號 dddyin

下面是此項(xiàng)技術(shù)發(fā)明者在ted上的演講

http://v.qq.com/page/m/a/9/m0149s33ja9.html

下面是《科學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)布的這篇論文Continuous liquid interface  production of 3D objects
作者John R. Tumbleston, David Shirvanyants,Nikita Ermoshkin,Rima Janusziewicz,Ashley R. Johnson, David Kelly,Kai Chen,Robert Pinschmidt, Jason P. Rolland,Alexander Ermoshkin,* Edward T. Samulski,* Joseph M. DeSimon

摘要Additive manufacturing processes such as 3D printing use time-consuming, stepwise layer-by-layer approaches to object fabrication.We demonstrate the continuous generation of monolithic polymeric parts up to tens of centimeters in size with feature resolution below 100 micrometers. Continuous liquid interface production is achieved with an oxygen-permeable window below the ultraviolet image projection plane, which creates a “dead zone” (persistent liquid interface) where photopolymerization is inhibited between the window and the polymerizing part.We delineate critical control parameters and show that complex solid parts can be drawn out of the resin at rates of hundreds of millimeters per hour. These print speeds allow parts to be produced in minutes instead of hours.


正文Additive manufacturing has become a useful technique in a wide variety of applications,including do-it-yourself 3D printing(1, 2), tissue engineering (3–5), materials
for energy (6, 7), chemistry reactionware(8), molecular visualization (9, 10), microfluidics(11), and low-density, high-strength materials(12–15). Current additive manufacturing methods such as fused deposition modeling,selective laser sintering, and stereolithography(2, 16) are inordinately slow because they rely on layer-by-layer printing processes. A macroscopic object several centimeters in height can take hours to construct. For additive manufacturing to be viable in mass production, print speeds must increase by at least an order of magnitude while maintaining excellent part accuracy. Although oxygen inhibition of free radical polymerization is a widely encountered obstacle to photopolymerizing UV-curable resins in air, we show how controlled oxygen inhibition can be used to enable simpler and faster stereolithography.


Typically, oxygen inhibition leads to incomplete cure and surface tackiness when photopolymerization is conducted in air (17, 18). Oxygen can either quench the photoexcited photoinitiator or create peroxides by combining with the free radical from the photocleaved photoinitiator (fig. S1). If these oxygen inhibition pathways can be avoided, efficient initiation and propagation of polymer chains will result. When stereolithography is conducted above an oxygen-permeable build window, continuous liquid interface production (CLIP) is enabled by creating an oxygen-containing “dead zone,” a thin uncured liquid layer between the window and the cured part surface. We show that dead zone thicknesses on the order of tens of micrometers are maintained by judicious selection of control parameters (e.g., photon flux and resin optical and curing properties). Simple relationships describe the dead zone thickness and resin curing process, and, in turn, result in a straightforward
relationship between print speed and part resolution. We demonstrate that CLIP can be applied to a range of part sizes from undercut micropaddles with stem diameters of 50 mm to complex handheld objects greater than 25 cm in size.


Figure 1A illustrates the simple architectureand operation of a 3D printer that takes advantage of an oxygen-inhibited dead zone. CLIP proceeds via projecting a continuous sequence of UV images (generated by a digital light-processing imaging unit) through an oxygen-permeable, UVtransparent window below a liquid resin bath.


The dead zone created above the window maintains a liquid interface below the advancing part. Above the dead zone, the curing part is continuously drawn out of the resin bath, thereby creating suction forces that constantly renew reactive liquid resin. This nonstop process is fundamentally different from traditional bottom-up
stereolithography printers, where UV exposure,resin renewal, and part movement must be conducted in separate and discrete steps (fig. S2).


Even for inverted top-down approaches in whichphotopolymerization occurs at an air-resin interface[i.e., the part is successively lowered into a resin bath during printing (16, 19)], these steps must be conducted sequentially for the formation of each layer. Because each step takes several seconds to implement for each layer, and because each layer of a part has a typical thickness of 50 to 100 mm, vertical print speeds are restricted to a few millimeters per hour (16). By contrast, the
print speed for CLIP is limited by resin cure rates and viscosity (discussed below), not by stepwise layer formation. For example, the gyroid and argyle structures shown in Fig. 1B were printed at 500 mm/hour, reaching a height of ~5 cm in less than 10 min (movies S1 and S2). An additional benefit of a continual process is that the choice of 3D model slicing thickness, which affects part resolution, does not influence print speed, as shown in the ramp test patterns in Fig. 1C. Because
CLIP is continuous, the refresh rate of projected images can be increased without altering print speed, ultimately allowing for smooth 3D objects with no model slicing artifacts.
Establishing an oxygen-inhibited dead zone is fundamental to the CLIP process. CLIP uses an amorphous fluoropolymer window (Teflon AF 2400) with excellent oxygen permeability (1000 barrers; 1 barrer = 10–10 cm3(STP) cm cm–2 s–1 cmHg–1) (20), UV transparency, and chemical inertness. Dead zone thickness measurements using a differential thickness technique (fig. S3) demonstrate the importance of both oxygen supply and oxygen permeability of the window in establishing the dead zone. Figure 2 shows that the dead zone thickness when pure oxygen is used below the window is about twice the thickness when air is used, with the dead zone becoming thinner as the incident photon flux increases (see below). When nitrogen is used below the window, the dead zone vanishes. A dead zone also does not form when Teflon AF 2400 is replaced by a material with very poor oxygen permeability, such as glass or polyethylene, even if oxygen is present below the window. Without a suitable dead zone, continuous part production is not possible. For the case of ambient air below the window,Fig. 3A shows the dependence of dead zone thickness on incident photon flux (F0), photoinitiator



Fig. 1. CLIP enables fast print speeds and layerless part construction. (A) Schematic of CLIP printer where the part (gyroid) is produced continuously by simultaneously elevating the build support plate while changing the 2D cross-sectional UV images from the imaging unit. The oxygen-permeable window creates a dead zone (persistent liquid interface) between the elevating part and the window. (B) Resulting parts via CLIP, a gyroid (left) and an argyle (right), were elevated at print speeds of 500 mm/ hour (movies S1 and S2). (C) Ramp test patterns produced at the same print speed regardless of 3D model slicing thickness (100 mm, 25 mm, and 1 mm).


where F0 is the number of incident photons at the image plane per area per time, aPI is the product of photoinitiator concentration and the wavelength-dependent absorptivity, Dc0 quantifies the resin reactivity of a monomer-photoinitiator combination (fig. S4), and C is a proportionality constant. This relationship is similar to the one that describes photopolymerizable particle formation in microfluidic devices that use oxygenpermeable channel walls (21, 22). The dead zone thickness behaves as follows: Increasing either F0 or aPI increases the concentration of free radicals in the resin (fig. S1) and decreases the initial oxygen concentration by reaction. Additional oxygen diffuses through the window and into the resin but decays with distance from the window, so that free radicals will overpower inhibiting
oxygen at some distance from the window. At the threshold distance where all oxygen is consumed and free radicals still exist, polymerization will begin. Increasing the reactivity of the resin (i.e., decreasing Dc0) causes the polymerization threshold distance from the window to also shrink, thus making the dead zone thinner. The
proportionality constant C in Eq. 1 has a value of ~30 for our case of 100-mm-thick Teflon AF 2400 with air below the window, and has units of the square root of diffusivity. The flux of oxygen through the window is also important in maintaining a stable dead zone over time, which is commonly described in terms of the ratio of film permeability to film thickness (23). Using these relationships enables careful control of the dead zone, which provides a critical resin renewal layer between the window and the advancing part.





Figure 3B shows cured thickness for three different resins with varying a (holding aPI constant) where thicknesses were measured for different UV photon dosages (products of F0 and t) (fig. S3). These curves are akin to the so-called “working curves” used in stereolithography resin characterization (16, 19). For these resins, a is varied by adjusting the concentration of an absorbing dye or pigment that passively absorbs light (i.e.,





The value of hA, in conjunction with the model slicing thickness (Fig. 1C), projected pixel size, and image quality, determines the part resolution. The projected pixel size (typically between 10 and 100 mm) and image quality are functions of the imaging setup and determine lateral part resolution. As with slicing thickness, hA affects vertical resolution but is a property of the resin. If hA is high, then previously cured 2D patterns will continue to be exposed, causing unintentional overcuring
and “print-through,” which in turn results in defects for undercut and overhang geometries.





Fig. 4. A variety of parts can be fabricated using CLIP. (A) Micropaddles with stems 50 mm in diameter. (B) Eiffel Tower model, 10 cm tall. (C) A shoe cleat >20 cm in length. Even in large parts, fine detail is achieved, as shown in the inset of (B) where features <1 mm in size are obtained. The micropaddles were printed at 25 mm/hour;the Eiffel Tower model and shoe cleat were printed at 100 mm/hour.


This analysis shows that for a dead zone thickness of 20 mm, speeds in excess of 300 mm/hour with hA = 100 mm are accessible. By increasing hA to 300 mm and sacrificing resolution, speeds greater than 1000 mm/hour are readily achieved. The trade off between speed and resolution is demonstrated in Fig. 3D with resolution test patterns using the resins with different hA from Fig. 3B (all have equivalent F0aPI/Dc0 and dead zone thickness). As dye loading is increased, hA is reduced, leading to less print-through and ultimately higher resolution. However, dye absorption does not produce free radicals, so resins with lower hA require greater dosages to adequately solidify; that is, parts must be elevated more slowly for constant photon flux. On the other hand, the resin without dye and with the highest hA can be printed at the greatest speed but with poor resolution (as shown by unintentional curing of the overhangs in the test pattern). Using this process control framework, Fig. 4 shows an array of expediently produced parts ranging in size from undercut micropaddles with stem diameters of 50 mm (Fig. 4A) to full-size shoe cleats 25 cm in length (Fig. 4C). The Eiffel Tower model in Fig. 4B illustrates that fine detail is achieved even in macroscale parts: The horizontal railing posts (diameter <500 mm) are resolved on this 10-cm-tall model. This ratio of scales (1:200) confirms that the CLIP process enables rapid production of arbitrary microscopic features over parts having macroscopic dimensions. For these parts, the speed-limiting process is resin curing (Eq. 4); however, for other part geometries, the speed-limiting process is resin flow into the build area. For such geometries with comparatively wide solid cross sections, parameters that affect

resin flow (e.g., resin viscosity, suction pressure gradient) become important to optimize. Preliminary studies show that the CLIP process is compatible with producing parts from soft elastic materials (24, 25), ceramics (26), and biological materials (27, 28). CLIP has the potential to extend the utility of additive manufacturing to many areas of science and technology, and to lower the manufacturing costs of complex polymer-based objects.






參考文獻(xiàn)
1. J. M. Pearce, Science 337, 1303–1304 (2012).
2. H. Lipson, M. Kurman, Fabricated: The New World of 3D Printing(Wiley, Indianapolis, 2013).
3. B. Derby, Science 338, 921–926 (2012).
4. A. Atala, F. K. Kasper, A. G. Mikos, Sci. Transl. Med. 4, 160rv12(2012).
5. B. C. Gross, J. L. Erkal, S. Y. Lockwood, C. Chen, D. M. Spence,Anal. Chem. 86, 3240–3253 (2014).
6. K. Sun et al., Adv. Mater. 25, 4539–4543 (2013).
7. G. Chisholm, P. J. Kitson, N. D. Kirkaldy, L. G. Bloor, L. Cronin,Energy Environ. Sci. 7, 3026–3032 (2014).
8. M. D. Symes et al., Nat. Chem. 4, 349–354 (2012).
9. P. Chakraborty, R. N. Zuckermann, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.110, 13368–13373 (2013).
10. P. J. Kitson et al., Cryst. Growth Des. 14, 2720–2724(2014).
11. J. L. Erkal et al., Lab Chip 14, 2023–2032 (2014).
12. X. Zheng et al., Science 344, 1373–1377 (2014).
13. T. A. Schaedler et al., Science 334, 962–965 (2011).
14. J. Bauer, S. Hengsbach, I. Tesari, R. Schwaiger, O. Kraft,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111, 2453–2458 (2014).
15. E. B. Duoss et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 24, 4905–4913(2014).
16. I. Gibson, D. W. Rosen, B. Stucker, Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Rapid Prototyping to Direct Digital Manufacturing(Springer, New York, 2010).
17. S. C. Ligon, B. Husár, H. Wutzel, R. Holman, R. Liska,Chem. Rev. 114, 557–589 (2014).
18. Y. Yagci, S. Jockusch, N. J. Turro, Macromolecules 43,6245–6260 (2010).
19. P. F. Jacobs, Rapid Prototyping & Manufacturing: Fundamentalsof StereoLithography (Society of Manufacturing Engineers,Dearborn, MI, 1992).
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項(xiàng)目報(bào)告

材料貴，無意義。

視頻看不見啊

煙鬼 發(fā)表于 2015-3-22 21:51
視頻看不見啊

可以看見的啊。

當(dāng)3D打印速度提高100倍之后，其他3D打印廠商，F(xiàn)DM、SLA的會面臨巨大的沖擊。技術(shù)的革新可能會洗牌3d打印行業(yè)。
熊玩意，一個(gè)可能顛覆3d打印應(yīng)用的平臺http://m.lhkhtyz.com/thread-46773-1-1.html

好厲害

首先普及SLA再說

lufeipeng3d 發(fā)表于 2015-3-23 12:55
材料貴，無意義。

如果都是以貴的。。不知前行。。永遠(yuǎn)那么貴。 。  親 。。

徽冭 發(fā)表于 2015-3-23 15:55
如果都是以貴的。。不知前行。。永遠(yuǎn)那么貴。 。  親 。。

沒看懂，猜測你的意思是：“材料會便宜下來的�！�    我認(rèn)為機(jī)械和化學(xué)方面不會在短時(shí)間內(nèi)降價(jià)的。只有電子產(chǎn)品符合摩爾定律。

聽起來很高端，不知是不是噱頭

希望加入研究和應(yīng)用小組，不知道有什么要求沒?